VAIDIK, Chief Judge.
David Paul Brown appeals his conviction for Class D felony theft. He contends that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to a portion of his videotaped interview with a detective as hearsay and for not tendering a jury instruction on criminal conversion as a lesser-included offense of theft. Although defense counsel should have requested an admonishment regarding the portion of the interview containing the detective's statements, we find
The facts most favorable to the verdict are as follows. Chad Miller and his wife owned a home and approximately five acres of land in Brownsburg, Indiana. The property included an older barn and a newer pole barn that was built in 2009. In 2012 Chad placed an advertisement to rent the property because he and his family were moving temporarily to Florida.
Brown answered the ad in the summer of 2012 and went to look at the property. Chad told Brown that the lease would include the home, the land, and only the older barn because he and his family were going to store the things they were not taking with them to Florida in the pole barn. Chad and Brown eventually agreed on the terms and signed a lease in late June. According to the lease, Brown and his family took possession on July 25, 2012; rent was $1500/month with a security deposit of $1500. Notably, Chad did not give Brown permission or a key to access the pole barn. Chad told Brown that he had not gotten around to cleaning out the old barn, but Brown could "do what [he] want[ed] with that." Tr. p. 194.
Chad flew back from Florida on August 20, 2012, to mow the grass. When he returned, he noticed that the deadbolt to the pole barn was unlocked although it had been locked when he left for Florida. Chad owned a hand truck that he could not locate. Brown told Chad that Chad had left the hand truck outside and that Brown was going to fix it for him. But Chad was certain that he did not leave it outside. At that point, Chad became suspicious and thought that someone had been inside his pole barn. As a precaution, Chad took pictures of his belongings in the pole barn as well as the hour meter on his very expensive Kubota lawn mower. Chad returned to Florida on August 26.
Rent was due September 1, 2012. When Chad had not received rent from Brown on September 5, Chad called him. Chad again called Brown on September 10 when he still had not received rent. Both times, Brown had multiple excuses for why he had not paid rent. When October 1 came and Brown still had not paid rent, Chad returned to Indiana to start the eviction process. Chad called Brown when he arrived in Indiana. Brown suggested that Chad should forgive September's rent because Brown had done some work on the house. Chad came to look at the house but said that because the work was not authorized, Brown still had to pay September's rent.
While Chad was at the house, he went to the pole barn to check his lawn mower. He immediately noticed cigarette butts in the cup holder — Brown was a smoker — and three extra hours on the hour meter when compared to the photograph he had taken on his previous trip to Indiana. Chad also noticed that some boxes were open that had been closed before and that some boxes had been moved. Chad called the Hendricks County Sheriff's Department to make a report. At that time, Chad did not notice anything missing.
When Chad returned to the property two days later, he realized that his slot machine was missing from the pole barn. Chad recalled that Brown's wife, Elizabeth, had an antique store in Broad Ripple, so he went to the store to see if his slot machine was there. Chad, pretending to be a shopper, asked Elizabeth if she had a slot machine for sale. She said yes,
Deputy Teresa Woods interviewed Brown in October 2012. Brown said the slot machine was in the old barn and that he took it out in order to refurbish it and return it to Chad. Id. at 227, 230. Detective Aaron Payne later interviewed Brown at the Sheriff's Department. The interview was videotaped. Brown said that the slot machine was in the old barn and that he was "going to restore it [for Chad] as a gesture of goodwill." Id. at 245.
The State charged Brown with Class D felony theft for the slot machine and alleged that he was a habitual offender.
Brown now appeals.
Brown contends that his trial counsel was ineffective. To allege a violation of the Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel, a defendant must establish the two components set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). First, a defendant must show that counsel's performance was deficient. Id. at 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052. This requires a showing that counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as "counsel" guaranteed to the defendant by the Sixth Amendment. Id. Even the finest, most experienced criminal defense attorneys may not agree on the ideal strategy or most effective way to represent a client; therefore, under this prong, we will assume that counsel performed adequately and defer to counsel's strategic and tactical decisions. Smith v. State, 765 N.E.2d 578, 585 (Ind.2002), reh'g denied. Isolated mistakes, poor strategy, inexperience, and instances of bad judgment do not necessarily render representation ineffective. Id.
These prongs are "separate and independent inquiries," and a petitioner's "failure to establish either prong will cause the claim to fail." State v. Greene, 16 N.E.3d 416, 419 (Ind.2014) (quotation omitted). In addition, because Brown alleges ineffective assistance of counsel on direct appeal, he is foreclosed from raising it on post-conviction. See Woods v. State, 701 N.E.2d 1208, 1220 (Ind.1998), reh'g denied.
First, Brown argues that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to a portion of his videotaped interview with Detective Payne. When the videotaped interview was played for the jury at trial, it comprised ten pages in the trial transcript; the portion that Brown now challenges consists of only one page:
Tr. p. 300-01. Brown argues that Detective Payne's statements are inadmissible hearsay and that defense counsel should have requested a limiting instruction.
"`Hearsay' means a statement that: (1) is not made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing; and (2) is offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted." Ind. Evidence Rule
In those cases where an admonishment was not given to the jury, our Supreme Court has held that even though the jury should have been advised that the police officer's statements were not evidence, the admission of the police officer's statements can be harmless in light of the other evidence presented at trial. See Lampkins v. State, 778 N.E.2d 1248, 1251-52 (Ind.2002) (finding error harmless because in a second interview, the defendant confessed to shooting the victim twice in the back and testified as such at trial); see also Wilkes v. State, 917 N.E.2d 675, 686 (Ind.2009), reh'g denied. Accordingly, even assuming that defense counsel was deficient for failing to request an admonishment, Brown has failed to show that defense counsel's deficient performance prejudiced him because we find the error harmless in light of the other evidence presented at trial. Specifically, a different officer, Deputy Woods, interviewed Brown in October 2012, and Brown told her that the slot machine was in the old barn and that he took it out in order to refurbish it and return it to Chad. But Chad testified at trial that the slot machine was in the locked pole barn and that he did not give Brown permission to enter the pole barn, let alone to take his slot machine out of the barn. In addition, Chad testified that he found the slot machine in Brown's wife's antique store and she offered to sell it to him for $50.00. Thus, Brown has failed to prove that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the limited portion of his videotaped interview with Detective Payne and request an admonishment.
Next, Brown argues that his trial counsel was ineffective for not tendering a jury instruction on Class A misdemeanor criminal conversion as a lesser-included offense of Class D felony theft. A person who knowingly or intentionally exerts unauthorized control over property of another person commits Class A misdemeanor criminal conversion. Ind.Code Ann. § 35-43-4-3 (West 2012). Class D felony theft includes the additional element that the person have the intent to deprive the other person of any part of the property's value or use. Ind.Code Ann. § 35-43-4-2(a) (West 2012). Courts have consistently held that criminal conversion is an inherently
Our Supreme Court has held that a tactical decision not to tender a lesser-included offense does not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel, even where the lesser-included offense is inherently included in the greater offense and where that choice proves detrimental to the defendant. Autrey v. State, 700 N.E.2d 1140, 1141 (Ind.1998). "It is not sound policy for this Court to second-guess an attorney through the distortions of hindsight." Id. (quotation omitted).
Here, defense counsel employed an all-or-nothing strategy, asking the jury during closing argument to find that the evidence did not support a finding beyond a reasonable doubt that Brown intended to deprive Chad of the value or use of any part of the slot machine because he had intended to return it. Tr. p. 471. Without the instruction on criminal conversion, the jury was not given an alternative other than to convict as charged on theft (which required the additional element) or to acquit. If defense counsel had requested an instruction on criminal conversion, Brown would have been entitled to the instruction.
Affirmed.
BAKER, J., and RILEY, J., concur.
538 N.E.2d at 928.